Chapter 6 – Study Guide

 

diaphysis

epiphyses

metaphyses

periosteum

medullary cavity (marrow cavity)

endosteum

osteogenic cells

osteoblasts

osteocytes

osteoclasts

compact bone

spongy bone

osteons or Haversian systems

perforating (Volkmann’s) canals

central (Haversian) canals

lamellae

lacunae

canaliculi

trabeculae

ossification or osteogenesis

intramembranous ossification - describe or recognize description of how this occurs

endochondral ossification - describe or recognize description of how this occurs

interstitial growth – length – describe or recognize description of how this occurs

appositional growth – thickness – describe or recognize description of how this occurs

primary ossification center

secondary ossification center

epiphyseal plate

epiphyseal line

bone remodeling

bone resorption

effects of disuse and stress on bone mass

blood calcium levels too high – cardiac arrest

blood calcium levels too low – respiratory arrest

blood calcium levels regulated by control of rate of resorption from bone & rate of deposition into bone

decreasing blood calcium levels result in increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) production

decreasing blood calcium levels result in increased number and activity of osteoclasts

decreasing blood calcium levels result in decreased urine calcium loss

calcitriol promotes calcium absorption from GI tract

rising blood calcium levels result in increased calcitonin production

calcitonin accelerates calcium deposition