[note:
this corresponds to chapter 16 if you have the old 10th edition]
(NOTE:
be able to label anatomical parts on a diagram & know their functions)
OLFACTION
olfactory epithelium – in superior nasal cavity
CN
I = olfactory nerve
GUSTATION
papillae with taste buds
vallate – large circular elevations
V-shaped row at
back of tongue
100-300 taste
buds / papillae
fungiform – mushroom shaped elevations
scattered all over tongue
5 taste buds /
papillae
papillae without taste buds
filiform – contain tactile receptors
increase friction between tongue & food
make it easier for tongue to move food
VISION
upper eyelid (upper palpebra)
lower eyelid (lower palpebra)
palpebral conjunctiva
bulbar conjunctiva
lacrimal glands
lacrimal sac
cornea
sclera
ciliary body
ciliary muscle
iris
bright
light – pupil constricts – parasympathetic
dim
light – pupil dilates – sympathetic
retina
optic disc
photoreceptors
rods –
low light threshold - allow dim light vision
shades of gray
120 million rods
/ retina
cones –
high light threshold - allow bright light vision
color vision
6 million cones
/ retina
central fovea
blind spot
lens
anterior chamber
posterior chamber
aqueous humor
vitreous chamber
vitreous body
aging – lens looses elasticity – ability to accommodate decreases
myopia – nearsightedness
hyperopia – farsightedness
rhodopsin – photopigment
found in rods
retinal
– derivative of vitamin A
cis-retinal
in darkness converts to
trans-retinal when light absorbed
cone pigments – 3 types differ in the wavelength of light that is most
effectively absorbed
color blindness – absence or deficiency of one of the three cone pigments
causing an inherited inability to distinguish between
certain colors
HEARING
auricle (pinna)
external auditory canal
eardrum or tympanic membrane
middle ear
auditory ossicles
malleus – hammer
incus – anvil
stapes
– stirrup
eustachian tube
inner ear
basilar membrane
spiral organ – organ of Corti
sound waves
frequency
– pitch
Hertz (Hz)
size or
amplitude - intensity
decibels (dB)
if
given the steps in the hearing pathway be able to arrange them in sequence
EQUILIBRIUM
static equilibrium
dynamic equilibrium
vestibular apparatus
utricle
saccule
semicircular canals
ampulla
maculae – located in utricle and saccule
receptors
for static equilibrium and linear acceleration and deceleration
crista – located in ampula of semicircular ducts
receptors
for rotational acceleration or deceleration