Chapter 4 – Study Guide
tissue
histology
pathologist
ectoderm à nervous tissue, epidermis
mesoderm à connective tissues, most muscle tissues
endoderm à epithelial linings of GI & respiratory tracts
5 types of cell junctions
tight junctions (attach adjacent cells to each other
forming “leak-proof” seal)
(contain: transmembrane proteins)
adherens junctions (attach adjacent cells to each
other in a belt-like loop)
(contain: plaque, cadherins)
desmosomes (attach adjacent cells to each other in
“spot welds”)
(contain: plaque, cadherins,
intermediate filaments)
hemidesmosomes (anchor cells to basement membrane)
(contain: plaque, integrins,
intermediate filaments)
gap junctions (allow ions and small molecules to
diffuse from cell to cell)
(contain: connexins, connexons)
epithelial tissue
apical surface
lateral surface
basal surface
basement membrane
basal lamina
reticular lamina
two types
covering & lining epithelium
glandular epithelium
covering & lining epithelium classification (cell
shape and arrangement in layers)
simple squamous
epithelium
simple cuboidal
epithelium
simple columnar
epithelium
ciliated
and nonciliated
microvilli
- for absorption
goblet
cells - secrete mucus (mucus - lubricant, protection from acid)
cilia -
move fluid along cell surface(also move mucus, move oocytes)
stratified
squamous epithelium
keratinized
and nonkeratinized
keratin =
tough fibrous protein - protects skin & underlying tissues
stratified
cuboidal epithelium
stratified
columnar epithelium
transitional
epithelium
pseudostratified
columnar
ciliated
or nonciliated
glandular
epithelium – function = secretion
endocrine glands
exocrine glands
unicellular glands
multicellular glands
classification by structure
simple gland
compound gland
classification by shape
tubular glands
acinar glands
tubuloacinar glands
functional classification of exocrine glands
merocrine glands
apocrine glands
holocrine glands
connective tissue
functions
support, protection,
compartmentalization,
transport, energy, & immune response
matrix
contains: protein based fibers, ground
substance
cells
fibroblast
chondroblast
chondrocyte
osteoblast
osteocyte
macrophage
plasma cell
mast cell
adipocyte
neutrophil
eosinophil
ground substance
glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans,
hyaluronic acid
protein based fibers
collagen fibers
elastic fibers
reticular fibers
embryonic connective tissue
mesenchyme
(needn’t know - mucous connective
tissue also known as Wharton’s jelly)
loose connective tissue
areolar connective tissue
adipose
white adipose
brown adipose
dense connective tissue
dense regular connective
tissue
dense irregular connective
tissue
elastic connective tissue
cartilage
lacunae
perichondrium
hyaline
cartilage
fibrocartilage
elastic cartilage
compact bone (skip for now - will cover in chapter 6)
blood tissue (skip for now - will cover in chapter 19)
lymph (skip for now - will cover in chapter 22)
membranes
epithelial membrane
mucous membrane (mucosa)
epithelial
layer
connective
tissue layer
serous membrane (serosa)
serous
fluid
parietal
layer (review of chapter 1)
visceral
layer (review of chapter 1)
pericardium
(review of chapter 1)
pleura
(review of chapter 1)
peritoneum
(review of chapter 1)
cutaneous membrane (skip
for now - will cover in chapter 5)
muscle
tissue (skip for now - will cover in chapter 10)
nervous tissue (skip for now - will cover in chapter
12)
tissue
repair
stroma
parenchyma
stem cells
repairs by parenchymal cells vs.
repairs by stromal fibroblasts: how do they differ?
granulation
tissue
adhesions