Chapter 3 – Study Guide

 

cell

                plasma membrane

                nucleus

                cytoplasm

                                cytosol

                                organelle

fluid mosaic model

                lipid bilayer

                                largest component of lipid bilayer = phospholipids (75%)

                                amphipathic

                integral proteins

                peripheral proteins

                glycocalyx

                membrane fluidity-do lipids move laterally?-do they flip-flop readily?

                lipid bilayer-is it self-repairing?

                what increases or decreases fluidity? cholesterol? double bonds in fatty acids?

permeable

                impermeable

                selectively permeable

                lipid layer is permeable to: nonpolar, uncharged molecules

                lipid layer is impermeable to: ions, charged or polar molecules

membrane potential

diffusion

                passive transport

                facilitated diffusion

active transport

                primary active transport

                secondary active transport

                                antiporters

                                symporters

osmosis

                isotonic solution

                hypotonic solution

                hypertonic solution

exocytosis

endocytosis

                receptor mediated endocytosis

                phagocytosis

                pinocytosis

transcytosis

cytoskeleton

                microfilaments

                                microvilli

                intermediate filaments

                microtubules

                                centrosome

                                cilia

                                flagella

ribosomes

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

                rough ER

                smooth ER

golgi complex

lysosomes

mitochondrion (plural = mitochondria)

nucleus

nucleolus (plural = nucleoli)

chromosome

                chromatid

gene

genome

replication

transcription

                RNA polymerase

                promoter

                terminator

                intron

                exon

translation

                tRNA

                codon

                anticodon

                polyribosome

genetic engineering

recombinant DNA

mitosis

meiosis

                crossing over

cell cycle

                interphase

                prophase

                metaphase

                anaphase

                telophase

apoptosis

necrosis